Monoprinting is a form of printmaking that has
images or lines that can only be made once, unlike most printmaking, where
there are multiple originals. There are many techniques of monoprinting.
Examples of standard printmaking techniques which can be used to make
monoprints include lithography,
woodcut, and etching.
A monoprint is a single
impression of an image made from a reprintable block. Materials such as metal
plates, litho stones or wood blocks are used for etching upon. Rather than
printing multiple copies of a single image, only one impression may be produced,
either by painting or making a collage
on the block. Etching plates may also be inked in a way that is expressive and
unique in the strict sense, in that the image cannot be reproduced exactly.[1]
Monoprints may also involve elements that change, where the artist reworks the
image in between impressions or after printing so that no two prints are
absolutely identical.[2] Monoprints may include collage, hand-painted
additions, and a form of tracing by which thick ink is laid down on a table,
paper is placed on top and is then drawn on, transferring the ink onto the
paper. Monoprints can also be made by altering the type, color, and pressure of
the ink used to create different prints.
Monoprints
are known as the most painterly method among the printmaking techniques; it is
essentially a printed painting.[3] The characteristic of this method is that no two
prints are alike. The beauty of this medium is also in its spontaneity and its
combination of printmaking, painting and drawing media.
Monoprinting and monotyping are very
similar. The difference between monoprinting and monotype printing is that
monoprinting has a matrix that can be reused, but not to produce an identical
result. With monotyping there are no permanent marks on the matrix, and at most
two impressions (copies) can be obtained. Both involve the transfer of ink from
a plate to the paper, canvas, or other surface that will ultimately hold the
work of art. In the case of monotyping the plate is a featureless plate. It
contains no features that will impart any definition to successive prints. The
most common feature would be the etched or engraved line on a metal plate. In
the absence of any permanent features on the surface of the plate, all
articulation of imagery is dependent on one unique inking, resulting in one
unique print. Monoprints, on the other hand, are the results of plates that
have permanent features on them. Monoprints can be thought of as variations on
a theme, with the theme resulting from some permanent features being found on
the plate – lines, textures – that persist from print to print. Variations are
confined to those resulting from how the plate is inked prior to each print.
The variations are endless, but certain permanent features on the plate will
tend to persist from one print to the next.
Monoprinting
has been used by many artists, among them Georg Baselitz and Tracey Emin. Some old master prints, like
etchings by Rembrandt
with individual manipulation of ink as "surface tone", or
hand-painted etchings by Degas
(usually called monotypes) might be classifiable as
monoprints, but they are rarely so described.
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